Difference between Real-Time operating system and general-purpose operating system

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Embedded systems are computer systems that carry out a small number of tasks. When designing an embedded system, manufacturers will focus on the dedicated functions that the system needs to perform. They will optimise the system until it performs each of these tasks very efficiently. What are some of the disadvantages of embedded systems compared to general purpose systems? Share your thoughts in the comments section below.

  • These can be further classified into three subtypes– hard, firm, and soft real-time systems, which we’ll learn more about next week.
  • Operating systems are more complex, and the programming language required to develop them is not simple or well-defined.
  • Most embedded systems solely run the firmware added to the device by the manufacturer.
  • If the sensor detects an abnormal heart rhythm, the device will send an electrical pulse to their heart to regulate their heartbeat.
  • A real-time operating system ensures that the system consumes more resources while active on all devices.
  • It has the best features, such as “plug and play”, which means that no drivers are required to utilize their devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, etc.

Linux is a widely used operating system in embedded systems. It’s used in cellphones, TVs, set-top boxes, car consoles, smart home devices, and more. General-purpose processors are the target processors that probably first come to mind to anyone writing a computer program. GPPs are the processors that power desktop computers and are at the center of the computer revolution that began in the 1970s. The ability to run many different pieces of software allows a general-purpose system to be quite versatile in terms of the types of tasks it can perform. Software can be added, updated, and removed fairly easily, which alters the functionality of a system.

Memory Management

They are usually designed to only perform this function repeatedly, but more developed embedded systems can control entire operating systems. Modern embedded systems contain a microcontroller, which consists of a central processing unit to process data, as well as a fixed amount of RAM and ROM. Earlier embedded systems were based on microprocessors that contained only the CPU.

difference between an embedded and a general-purpose system

Stand-alone embedded systems work by themselves and do not require a host system to handle the communication of data between devices or other computer systems. Examples of stand-alone embedded systems are digital watches and video games consoles. Embedded systems can be broken down into four main categories based on their performance and functional requirements.

Advantages and Disadvantages of General Purpose Operating System

Today’s camera systems in cars are used both for surveillance of the car’s interior and its surroundings. The rear camera assists the driver by displaying a live video stream on a monitor system. This camera also uses advanced functions based on computer vision technology, e.g. the high beam assist function.

It’s a type of software use specifically for this purpose. Assembly language is often used to develop firmware because it provides direct control over specific hardware components. A computer system is built using a combination of hardware and software that dictates what the system can do and how it can do it. The software is made up of programmed instructions for interacting with the hardware and handling data. Broadly, computer systems receive data from inputs such as a touch screen or sensor.

Whilst they’re easy to transport, they may have limited memory or resources available, such as fitness trackers and digital cameras. Whilst general purpose systems are versatile, they aren’t always fully optimised to perform specific tasks. Embedded systems are designed to perform a small number of tasks efficiently. An example of an embedded system is a pacemaker, a small device placed inside a person that monitors and regulates their heartbeat. If the sensor detects an abnormal heart rhythm, the device will send an electrical pulse to their heart to regulate their heartbeat. Embedded systems are built to have close control over the hardware using firmware.

So you should be saying that the main components of an embedded system are hardware, application specific software, and real-time operating system. An embedded operating system is a specialized operating system designed to perform a specific task for a device that is not a computer. The main job of an embedded OS is to run the code that allows the device to do its job. An embedded processor is a microprocessor designed especially for handling the needs of an embedded system. Embedded systems require less power, so these processors are very small and draw less power from the source.

A general purpose computer system can be programmed to perform a large number of tasks. Users or devices can interact with them in a variety of ways to meet a broad range of needs. The ability to run many different pieces of software allows a general purpose system to be versatile with the type of tasks it can perform. Software can be easily added, updated, and removed, which alters the functionality of the system. A typical general purpose system has multiple inputs and outputs that can be connected to it.

difference between an embedded and a general-purpose system

In these systems, there is relatively little time allotted to shifting tasks. For example, shifting from one task to another takes roughly 10 ms in older systems and 3 ms in newer systems. For the embedded system the power supply is the key component to provide the power to the embedded system circuit. The difference between an embedded system and a general purpose computer system is one of purpose, and to a much lesser extent, design. While a general purpose system can be used for many things, an embedded system is only meant for one purpose.

What is the difference between embedded OS and general purpose OS?

Flash Memory Chip is added on a motherboard in case of the embedded operating system of your personal computer to boot from the Personal Computer. Find out more about the different tasks computer systems perform and how users interact with them. Embedded computer vision systems are one of the hottest branches in the computer vision field. A vision systems is like our human vision system that allows machines to see.

difference between an embedded and a general-purpose system

A general-purpose system is a computer system that can be programmed to perform a large number of tasks. General-purpose computers are designed so that users or devices can interact with them in a variety of ways to meet a broad range of needs. Embedded systems software can be defined as specialized programming tools in embedded devices that facilitate the functioning of the machines. The software manages various hardware devices and systems. It is designed for a single purpose, most commonly running a single ‘shell’ application. Everyday examples of embedded operating systems include ATMs and Satellite Navigation systems.

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The categories are not mutually exclusive and a system could represent a combination of these. Some OS costs more than open-source platforms https://globalcloudteam.com/ such as Linux. While free operating systems are available to customers, they are frequently more difficult to use than others.

Not every computer needs an OS to run; in many cases, an OS is not necessary. The operating system on most mobile devices and many consumer electronics, called an embedded operating system, resides on a ROM chip. A stand-alone operating system is a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device. Typically, a general-purpose system has a wide range of inputs and outputs that can be connected to it. For example, including USB ports on a laptop allows other devices to change the capabilities and features available to the laptop.

What are the three main components of an embedded systems?

The main difference between the microcontrollers and embedded processors is makeup and integration! In the other case, a processor is what is an embedded system not a control system! Microcontrollers, on the other hand, contain everything required to control a system in every single chip.

Most often, this app would be the one that is already running. All others in the queue will be kept waiting stage. As a result, crucial tasks can be completed on time and within the specified timeframe to achieve the desired results.

Furthermore, GPOS with GUI functionality and other built-in features is costly, like Microsoft Windows. GPOS is designed to perform non-time-critical general tasks. GPOS is commonly used to create documents in Microsoft Office, play music and watch videos, etc.

Embedded computer vision systems

Build your knowledge with top universities and organisations. An example of an embedded system is a pacemaker, a small device placed inside a person that monitors and controls their heartbeat to ensure it is beating regularly. If the sensors pick up that the heart rhythm is abnormal, the device sends electrical pulses to the heart to regulate the heartbeat. Many GPOS are available in open source like Unix/Linux. These may be executed easily on the system without any cost. General Purpose uses several techniques, including memory segmentation, paging, and swapping.

Difference between microprocessor and microcontroller.docx

On the other hand, GPOS is designed for a multi-user environment. They are utilized in a variety of applications, including digital appliances, home video games, wind power systems, intelligent transportation systems, and industrial robots. The most common examples of embedded operating system around us include Windows Mobile/CE , Symbian and Linux.

These systems’ scheduling isn’t always prioritized. The task scheduler uses a fairness policy, allowing the overall high throughput but not ensuring that high-priority jobs will be executed first. The RTOS provides the system’s maximum consumption and more output while using all the resources and keeping all the devices active. The RTOS concentrates on one application at a time.

What exactly is an embedded computer vision system?

A real-time operating system is a type of operating system. An OS is a program that serves as a bridge between the system hardware and the user. Furthermore, it manages all interactions between system software and hardware. In this article, you will learn about the difference between the Real-Time operating system and the General Purpose operating system. But before discussing the differences, you must know about the Real-Time and General Purpose operating systems. In embedded development, these devices play an irreplaceable role in driving or running a simple single-task environment.

Discover Current Trends And Changes Of It Outsourcing In 2022

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It was the overall outsourcing cooperation model that failed to meet their needs. Developing an in-house software development team, on average, costs around $31,970 and takes 42 days to hire a single software engineer. And that’s without taking into account the time, training, and resources you need to put in.

IT outsourcing trends

The IT workforce will increase by 54 percent according to healthcare representatives over the next year. Because of the pandemic, technology was used in a wide range of industries. 75% of respondents to the survey reported an increase in IT investment after COVID-19 was introduced on the global market. Global economic trends, recessions and new technologies have all influenced the evolution of the IT outsourcing market. Always eliminate outsourcing IT companies that don’t have a track record of successful projects and delivery timelines. This is the first and foremost factor you should consider while choosing an IT outsourcing company.

Core Business Drivers For Nordics It Outsourcing

Clients on the modern market looking for IT outsourcing companies are in a constant flux, undergoing many changes – they expect high-quality solutions . Providers should follow their potential stakeholders needs to stay at stake and avoid something that is common nowadays –disappointing outcomes. Clients will IT outsourcing trends tend to choose multiple IT outsourcing partners instead of just one company. The goal is to collect the best collaborators for the overall product’s success. These outsourcing trends come and go, but some of these have undeniably risen to prominence in the first half of 2020 and are here to stay for 2022.

IT outsourcing trends

As to the intelligent automation growth, the figures are also promising. 44% of companies plan to increase the use of intelligent automation and 30% are going to adopt it in the future. Slow response time and security risks can be a red flag for those who want to partner with outsourcing companies.

Process and people will continue to drive outsourcing relationships rather than price. When it comes to Nordic countries, Finland seems to have the biggest trouble finding tech skills. Sweden, Norway, and Iceland also face serious tech recruitment problems, as described above. Sweden is the largest of Nordic countries with the strongest startup ecosystem. It’s home to the highest number of unicorns and scaleup companies, and is one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world.

It will save cost, generate more value and shift focus to other high-value and high-priority tasks. In order to succeed in a highly competitive market, companies should choose tech partners based on their business needs, users, and the sector they operate in. Your business provides an agency or freelancer with the data, research, a brief, and hard cash. In return, a https://globalcloudteam.com/ developer runs through the brief like it’s a checklist of things that need completing. So, while you don’t need to perform the coding , traditional outsourced teams might be often too far removed from the project. This is important, particularly given how difficult it is to secure the best talent at the best rates, especially in today’s unpredictable jobs market.

Company

The Nordic region is home to many world-renowned startups like Spotify, Klarna, Rovio, Bambora, and Zendesk. Every county has a strong tech industry and great projects to boast. Nordic companies looking for IT outsourcing should take these risks into account to find the best partner.

The difference between outsourcing core and non-core tasks will be less evident as vendor-customer relationships will be more reliable and trustworthy. For instance, if you hire a dedicated software development team, such offshore teams will easily integrate into the client’s company and become a part of it. Thus, they will cover any tasks of varying degrees of importance necessary for the customer’s success. In 2021, companies focus on reducing vulnerability to fluctuations in the global economy, remaining agile and flexible without losing product quality. As a result, relations between businesses and software vendors are changing into a strong partnership with better collaboration. AI helps businesses not only to maintain data but also find solutions…

Moreover, it’s hard to put such a huge investment in recruitment in conditions of high uncertainty (and that’s a daily pain for the majority of startups). Working with a remote software development team reduces the risk of layoffs should the project fail. All this data signifies that the world is gradually turning mobile which will result in businesses significantly reducing desktop software development and investing in the development of mobile apps. Provide business process outsourcing when a customer goes beyond transferring specific tasks to a contractor but wants them to manage entire projects on a daily basis.

Factors That Affect Outsourcing Trends

Overall, the IT Toolbox survey indicates that while outsourcing continues to be a major issue in many enterprises, there also is a continuing shift in the rationale and processes behind it. Over time, it is likely that outsourcing “logic” will continue to change with the path of business. Users are already familiar and comfortable with using AI, whether it’s the smart speakers in the home or imaging apps in their pocket. And firms are finding new applications for artificial intelligence across every industry.

  • But, every coin has two sides, and outsourcing is no exception, and it is continuously growing and offering novel practices.
  • With at least 80,000 people working in the IT industry, there is already a shortage of 5,450 engineers and ICT workers.
  • A few years ago, there was a tendency to partner within one project with multiple software development vendors.
  • And due to its decentralized nature, blockchain makes it easier to derive value from data in the form of business intelligence .
  • AgriTech and FoodTech investments reached a record $45Billion in 2020, compared to $24B in 2019.
  • Like AI, blockchain technology has grown in popularity in the IT industry.

With at least 80,000 people working in the IT industry, there is already a shortage of 5,450 engineers and ICT workers. Almost 30% of the companies reported difficulties in hiring skilled IT labor that prevents them from further growth. ​IT infrastructure outsourcing, first of all, benefits the scalability and flexibility of outsourcers. It’s also a popular way to optimize business operations and expenses. COVID-19 has exposed the weaknesses of companies and shown that the ability to adapt is the only way for companies to keep their head above water.

Offshoring is less popular than it seems, with only 53 percent of respondents indicating that they would increase their spending. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and subsequent recession, outsourcing is now primarily driven by lowering costs. Clients stated, for example, that speed to market was more important than cost reduction in 2018.

Business Focus Comes First

He tends to share the latest tech news, trends, and updates with the community built around Nogentech. Learn more about this new Document Classification and Data Extraction subscription service as away to be better aligned with next year’s IT outsourcing trends. When you start developing your product, make sure you have a clear idea of the project’s success criteria. You should be able to answer the question ‘what does success look like?

In the last two decades, many firms have focused on shifting offline business processes into automated computer systems. This means every organisation is now sitting on a pile of data that it knows can be of great value but doesn’t know how to handle. As more companies start outsourcing their software development processes, they will need companies that specialise in the data management area.

While top programming, networking, or systems integration employees have always been difficult to hire and afford, today there is an acute shortage that has extended well beyond just the top performers. Wages in China, India, and other traditional outsourcing regions has increased substantially. Belarus is emerging as a new destination, with its IT outsourcing companies now comprising over 60% of all businesses, ranked third in its overall economy.

With the influx of remote work, the expectations of HR are shifting. As more workers begin transitioning from in-office positions to remote work, companies will change to gig models to distribute projects to gig workers. A more digital world means an even greater need for bomb-proof security solutions, which companies will increasingly outsource to the experts.

Jan Game Changer: Outsourcing Trends You Need To Watch Out For 2022

We offer full cycle software development and dedicated team on hire basis. Cybersecurity & Governance – while security has always been a topic deemed important, the awareness of how costly poor security can be is a top-of-mind issue for a great many CEOs today. As one data point, President Biden just held a CEO Summit where cybersecurity was elevated as the “Core National Security Challenge,” as explained in this Wall Street Journal article. Cyberattacks on organizations world-wide are up 40% this year compared with the first 10 months of 2020, as quoted in another Wall Street Journal article. The recent escalation of ransomware and public infrastructure attacks has elevated this concern to a national level. Planning ahead can help to avoid future, unexpected projects that can be disruptive.

It becomes necessary to ensure online data centers and the required equipment by service providers. According to the Gartner revenue forecast, the cloud market will be $289.1 billion worth in 2021. Finding a trusted provider and building productive relationships with remote teams can be pretty challenging. A few years ago, there was a tendency to partner within one project with multiple software development vendors. Today, most companies prefer single-vendor outsourcing to avoid all the headaches and risks of managing multiple vendors. Instead, they will focus on developing a strategic partnership with one vendor.

Make sure that the outsourcing company has a good understanding of your business processes and requirements. You can do this by checking their experience in your specific domain or industry. Countries like India, China and Philippines are home to some of the world’s most talented and cost-effective outsourcing professionals.

IT analysts unfairly underestimate the potential of the Nordic market. Even though it’s significantly smaller than the US or Asian tech fieldі, the growth is steady and tangible. It has surpassed 50 billion euro and continues to grow at 3.6% annually. In 2022, the shortage of information and communications technology skills will reach 4% of the total ICT workforce. Such a shortage will have an enormous impact on startups and tech companies. The resulting loss of revenue and efficiency has already exceeded 7 billion euro.

Why You Should Outsource Software Development: Top Outsourcing Benefits

In 2021, this tendency will stay, so it will become crucial for software development companies to manifest utter adaptability and agility in several aspects. Nowadays the workload software developing companies have been so increased that it really becomes important to outsource some part of it. Client expectations are changing as the IT outsourcing landscape changes. They will want their providers to be able to scale up or down according to their requirements. Vendors will need to be able to quickly restructure teams and deliver faster results. 75% of respondents to the survey said cybercrime has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Balance of Payment ;; ==$ ==:S ::::: !!:; __!!j __2j ‘f Disequilibrium of deficit arises when

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When a country borrows or lends internationally, it will have short-run disequilibrium in its balance of payments. Since these loans are usually for a short period or even if they are for a long duration, they are repayable later on; hence the position will be automatically corrected and poses no serious problem. If a country’s imports exceed its exports in a given year a short-run disequilibrium may also emerge. Foreign exchange reserves shows the reserves which are held in the form of foreign currencies usually in hard currencies like dollar, pound etc., gold and special drawing rights . They increase when the individual has a surplus in his transactions and decrease when he has a deficit.

cyclical disequilibrium in balance of payments may occur due to

The sustained or secular disequilibrium refers to a situation when, the BoP disequilibrium persists for long periods due to certain secular trends in the economy. It is seen in the developed countries where, the disposable income is generally very high and so the aggregate demand is also very high. But due to the higher aggregate demands, the production costs are also very high. This would result in higher prices, which may result in the imports being much higher than the exports. The long-term disequilibrium refers to a deep- rooted, persistent deficit or surplus in the balance of payments of a country.

Foreign exchange reserves when a country enjoys a net surplus both in current account & capital account. Whenever current account deficit exceeds the inflow in capital account, foreign exchange from the reserve accounts is used to meet the deficit. Capital account balance is difference between the receipts and payments on account of capital account. The capital account involves inflows and outflows relating to investments, short term borrowings/lending, and medium term to long term borrowing/lending.

Current account refers to an account which records all the transactions relating to export and import of goods and services and unilateral transfers during a given period of time. Current account contains the receipts and payments relating to all the transactions of visible items, invisible items and unilateral transfers. Non-resident deposits are an important component of banking capital. The deficit in the BOP is governed by the balance of autonomous transactions in the BOP. The BOP would show a deficit if the autonomous receipts are lesser than the autonomous payments. In other words, the BOP deficit would be reflected in a depletion of foreign exchange reserves of the country.

Write a note on types of BOP Disequilibrium. OR Explain classification of BOP Disequilibrium.

Payments are either received or made to the other countries for use of these services. Name the broad categories of transactions recorded cyclical disequilibrium in balance of payments may occur due to in the ‘current account’ of the Balance of Payments Accounts. Essential and the quantity of imports may increase as population increases.

Marketing facilities of the developing countries have pushed them into huge deficits. Non-monetary methods are more effective than monetary methods and are normallyapplicable in c01Tecting an adverse balance of payments. • Structural Disequilibrium – It is another type of disequilibrium in BOP. It arises due to structural changes in some sectors of the economy. India declines because of some substitutes, then the resources in the production of jute goods employed by India will have to be shifted to some other commodities of export.

  • Foreign exchange reserves shows the reserves which are held in the form of foreign currencies usually in hard currencies like dollar, pound etc., gold and special drawing rights .
  • It shows that country a has absolute advantage in producing x and country b has an absolute advantage in commodity y.
  • Forward market for foreign exchange covers transactions which occur at a future date.
  • This means that the exports growth is more in case of recession.

If outflow of foreign, exchange is more than inflow of foreign exchange, deficit in balance of payment occurs reflecting disequilibrium in BOP. It is possible by increasing ex”ports and reducing imports. Similarly halting of inflation and correction of exchange rate may also help in this regard. • Changes in foreign exchange rate – One of the most important causes of disequilibrium in BOP is changes in foreign exchange rates. An increases in the external value of money makes imports cheaper and exports dearer. Such a policy creates adverse BOP condition in the economy.

Balance of Payment

When business cycle or trade cycle arises in a country then it changes output level, price level and income level. The main cause of the disequilibrium in the balance of payments is the imbalance between exports and imports of goods and services. The secular or long-run disequilibrium in BOP occurs because of long-run and deep-seated changes in an economy as it advances from one stage of growth to another. In the initial stages of development, domestic investment exceeds domestic savings, and imports exceed exports, as it happens in India since 1951.

The economy is at full employment equilibrium at point “E”, where AD1 intersects at AS curve. At this equilibrium point, OY represents the full employment level of output and EY is the aggregate demand at the full employment level of output. Large scale development expenditure which cause large imports. Countries, will increase imports and reduce exports causing a deficit in balance of payments. If income elasticities of demand differ in countries, cyclical disequilibrium may occur from differences in the income elasticities of demand for imports. Also, the importing countries may face cyclical changes.

This in turn provides the consumers a wider range of competitively priced products. Fdi helps the businesses get access to latest financing tools, technologies and operational practices from across the world. Local economy over time, get access to the https://1investing.in/ introduction of newer, enhanced technologies and processes, resulting in enhanced efficiency and effectiveness of the industry. The advantages of fdi is human resource development. Human capital refers to the knowledge and competence of the workforce.

Unilateral transfers include gifts, donations, personal remittances and other ‘one-way’ transactions. These refer to those receipts and payments, which take place without any service in return. Receipt of unilateral transfers from rest of the world is shown on the credit side and unilateral transfers to rest of the world on the debit side.

Similarly, an importer can fix the home currency value of payables by buying foreign exchange forward. Banks offer forward contracts to individual importers and exporters per the amount and maturity. Depreciation leads to fall in external purchasing power of home currency like devaluation. Depreciation occurs in a free market system wherein demand for foreign exchange far exceeds the supply of foreign exchange in foreign exchange market of a country. A short-run disequilibrium in a country’s balance of payments will be ‘lasting for a short period, which may occur once in a while.

Kinds of Disequilibrium in BOP

These variables also depends on the supply of factors, production function, the state of technology, tastes of consumers, the distribution of income, the state of anticipations etc. If there is a change in any of these above given variables and there are no appropriate changes in other variables, then there will be disequilibrium in the balance of payments of that country. The direct impact of the large scale development expenditures is seen in increase the purchasing power, aggregate demand and prices. In short, because of cyclical changes in income, employment, output and price variables, cyclical fluctuations cause disequilibrium in the balance of payments.

Foreign direct investment is an investmentwith the intention of establishing a lasting interest from a party in one country into a business or corporation in another country. A foreign direct investment can be made by obtaining a lasting interest or by expanding one’s business into a foreign country. A foreign direct investment is an investment made by a firm or individual in one country into business interests located in another country. Generally, fdi takes place when an investor establishes foreign business operations or acquires foreign business assets in a foreign company. In foreign countries investors may be able to access an increased amount of credit. The investors are allowed to utilize more leverage and generate a higher return on their equity investment.

Protection trade involves imposing tariff, duties, quota to restrict the inflow of imports. This means government intervenes in trading activities. Free trade keeps the spirit of the competition of the economy. Under free trade, there exists the possibility of intense foreign competitiondomestic producers do not want to lose their grounds. In other words, free trade implies absence of governmental intervention on international exchange among different countries of the world. And there are many alternative sources of supply of its imports, then it will have favorable terms of trade.

cyclical disequilibrium in balance of payments may occur due to

So, a new equilibrium requires either to reduce exports or . Thus, a forward contract helps to hedge or cover the risk involved in fluctuating exchange rates. For instance, suppose an Indian exporter to Usa is expecting a payment of $ 20,000 three months hence from a us importer. The Indian exporter can fix the rupee value of his dollar receivables amounting to $ 20,000 three months forward at a rupee-dollar conversion rate agreed upon today.

शैक्षिक तकनीकी की विशेषताएँ एंव महत्त्व | Importance…

It refers to disequilibrium, which persists in the economy over long period. Such disequilibrium exists on account of imbalance between exports and imports. This disequilibrium is also called as fundamental disequilibrium or secular disequilibrium. It shall be noted that government is required to take adequate steps to solve this problem. Secular disequilibrium occurs from long-run slow moving and deep-seeded changes in the economy due to capital formation growth of population, technological markets, resources etc. Disequilibrium of surplus arises when the receipts of the country exceed its payments.

Banking Exams

The Heckscher-Ohlinmodel is one of the most important models of international trade. This theory states that countries export what they can most efficiently and plentifully produce. A major part of transactions in foreign trade is in the form of export and import of goods . Payment for import of goods is written on the negative side and receipt from exports is shown on the positive side .